Nutrient removal by apple, pear and cherry nursery trees

Submitted: 29 June 2016
Accepted: 1 December 2016
Published: 27 June 2017
Abstract Views: 1800
PDF: 724
HTML: 924
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Given that nursery is a peculiar environment, the amount of nutrients removed by nursery trees represents a fundamental acquisition to optimise fertilisation strategies, with economic and environmental implications. In this context, we determined nutrient removal by apple, pear and cherry nursery trees at the end of the nursery growing cycle. We randomly removed 5 leafless apple (Golden Delicious/EMLA M9; density of 30,000 trees ha–1), pear (Santa Maria/Adams; density of 30,000 trees ha–1) and cherry (AlexTM/Gisela 6®; density of 40,000 trees ha–1) trees from a commercial nursery. Trees were divided into roots (below the root collar), rootstock (above-ground wood between root collar and grafting point) and variety (1-year-old wood above the grafting point). For each organ we determined biomass, macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S,) and micro- (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B) nutrient concentration. Pear trees were the most developed (650 g (dw) tree–1, equal to 1.75 and 2.78 folds than apple and cherry trees, respectively) whereas, independently of the species, variety mostly contributed (>50%) to the total tree biomass, followed by roots and then above-ground rootstock. However, the dry biomass and nutrient amount measured in rootstocks (including roots) represent the cumulative amount of 2 and 3 seasons, for Gisela® 6 (tissue culture) and pome fruit species (generated by mound layering), respectively. Macro and micronutrients were mostly concentrated in roots, followed by variety and rootstock, irrespective of the species. Independently of the tissue, macronutrients concentration hierarchy was N>Ca>K> P>Mg>S. Removed N by whole tree accounted for 6.58, 3.53 and 2.49 g tree–1 for pear, apple and cherry, respectively, corresponding to almost 200, 107 and 100 kg N ha–1, respectively. High amounts of K and Ca were used by pear (130-140 kg ha–1) and apple trees (~50 and 130 kg ha–1 of K and Ca, respectively), while ~25 kg K ha–1 and 55 kg Ca ha–1 were calculated for cherry nursery trees. Among micronutrients, Fe was the most required (~3 kg ha–1) independently of the species. B removal ranged between 1.2 and 2.4 kg ha–1 (80, 40 and 30 mg tree–1 for pear, apple and cherry, respectively), whereas Mn, Cu and Zn accounted for few hundred g ha–1, irrespective of the species. Given that nutrient concentration among tissues resulted within the same order of magnitude, irrespective of the species, differences in removal were mainly driven by the tree biomass as proved by the significant correlations between plant dry biomass with most of the nutrients we observed.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Giovambattista Sorrenti, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna
Dep. of Agricultural Sciences

How to Cite

Sorrenti, G., Quartieri, M., Salvi, S., & Toselli, M. (2017). Nutrient removal by apple, pear and cherry nursery trees. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2016.805